![]() ![]() Regulation of the ratios between the different types of sterols and sterols/sphingolipids can be of crucial importance in the responses of plants to stresses. These enzymes are responsible for maintaining the optimal balance between sterols. ![]() Most people normally absorb plant sterols from the food they eat and excrete them in the gut. There are at least two types of sterols: sterols from animals (example, cholesterol) and sterols from plants also called phytosterols (example, sitosterol). The main enzymes involved in plant sterol biosynthesis are 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, C24-sterol methyltransferase, and C22-sterol desaturase. Summary Sitosterolemia is a rare genetic condition that causes the body to store plant sterols. Among various phytosterol, SIT, campesterol, and stigmasterol. They are highly present in lipid-rich plant foods such as nuts, seed, legumes and olive oil. The present review focuses on the key stages of plant sterol biosynthesis that determine the ratios between the different types of sterols, and the crosstalk between the sterol and sphingolipid pathways. sitosterol (SIT) is a bioactive phytosterol that are naturally present in plant cell membranes with chemical structure similar to the mammalian cell-derived cholesterol. The balance between 24-methylsterols and 24-ethylsterols is specific for individual plant species. ![]() These sterols differ in the presence of a methyl or an ethyl group in the side chain at the 24th carbon atom and are named methylsterols or ethylsterols, respectively. The predominant sterols in plants are β-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol. Furthermore, sterols participate in transmembrane signal transduction by forming lipid microdomains. Sterols are precursors of a group of plant hormones, the brassinosteroids, which regulate plant growth and development. This diversity of types of phytosterols determines a wide spectrum of functions they play in plant life. Plant sterols have diverse composition they exist as free sterols, sterol esters with higher fatty acids, sterol glycosides, and acylsterol glycosides, which are absent in animal cells. Special attention is now being given not only to their structure and function, but also to their regulatory roles in plants. Comparison of drug-induced gene-expression profiles with the hippocampal transcriptome of an importin 5 mutant mouse model with reduced anxiety identifies the hypocholesterolemic agent -sitosterol as a promising candidate. Sterols, which are isoprenoid derivatives, are structural components of biological membranes. ![]()
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